The “turn” in translation studies means a shift of mainstream research orientations in its different periods. This book is about the power approach to translation and its application in the Chinese context. The theory is bound to investigate translation and power through the history of translation, and then it will be put into application in translation (history) for verification and perfection. Thus the research method of integrating theory with history is generally adopted. Exactly speaking, what this study tries to deal with is as follows: Translation strategy is the thread of translation history, and the zigzagging course of froeignization versus domestication through the Chinese history of translation was the result of struggle and negotiation of power relations; the two case studies in the contemporary Chinese context further demonstrate intricately-interwoven relations of translation and power; more interestingly, translation studies itself has been developing in the service of power. It is hoped that this tentative study can serve as a modest spur to verify, digest and improve Western translation theories by their application in the Chinese context so that they can enrich and contribute to Chinese translation studies.